Most of the schools was indeed categorized by Chilean Ministry from Training to the around three profile, namely lowest-gaining colleges, mid-gaining schools and you may high-reaching colleges, reliant the newest results of the youngsters in all SIMCE tests ( 32 ) .
Anthropometric dimensions and you may health standing
Standardized procedures were used to measure students’ weight to the nearest 0·1 kg, using a Seca scale (SECA, Hamburg, Germany), and height to the nearest 0·1 cm, using a Holtain stadiometer. All instruments were verified before measuring each participant ( Reference Gibson 33 ) . BMI (kg/m 2 ) and height-for-age were evaluated, and Z-scores were obtained according to the references of the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics (USA) ( Reference Kuczmarski, Ogden and Guo 34 ) . Nutritional status was defined as follows: underweight, BMI Z-score
Socio-economic standing
Socio-financial status (SES) is counted playing with a measure based on Graffar’s modified strategy which try modified to help you Chilean urban and you will rural populations ( Reference Alvarez, Muzzo and you will Ivaple to the five socio-economic communities: 1=high (0·3 %); 2=mid–large (14·7 %); 3=center (step three8·step 3 %); 4=mid–reduced (45·6 %); and 5=reasonable (step 1·step one %). However, within our studies we combined these five groups to your around three: large (1+2), middle (3) and lower (4+5) SES.
Mathematical analysis
Statistical analysis included performing ? 2 tests to compare categorical variables, and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for comparison of continuous variables. After performing bivariate analyses with each potential confounding variable, including sex, grade, nutritional status, SES and school’s performance, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the nutritional quality of snacks at school (exposure) and individual academic performance in Mathematics and Language (outcome). In each case, the probability of passing the test was estimated using three models. In the second model, SES was added. Finally, a fully adjusted model contained all mentioned covariates with the addition of a variable denoting the school’s academic performance. Because the variable school’s performance was partly derived from the outcome https://datingranking.net/cs/thaifriendly-recenze/ variables, this adjustment may cause underestimation of the association, so we included models with and without adjustment for school’s performance. A P value of <0·05 denoted statistical significance. Data were processed using the statistical software package Stata SE for Windows version 12·0.
Overall performance
All of our sample was developed up regarding 13·1 ( sd 2·3) year-dated male (52 %) and you may girls (forty eight %) adolescents of reasonable (44·3 %), middle (39·six %) and you may higher (step 16·1 %) SES. They went to fifth (51·9 %) and 9th (48·step 1 %) amount in public (34·8 %), partly sponsored (57·8 %) and personal colleges (7·cuatro %) regarding the Santiago Urban Area. As for nutritional status, 45 % away from users was basically obese otherwise overweight. Nearly half of the students (48 %) went to highest-achieving schools, while 29 % and you can 23 % went to middle- and you may lower-finding colleges, respectively.
About sample, 56 % out of pupils advertised usage of situations during the snack day which were full of weight, glucose, sodium and energy. Thirty-half dozen per cent were thought about to have bad-to-reasonable snack, while only 8 % was in fact thought to eat suit facts inside treat day from the college. Table step 1 gets the descriptive analytics of the sample. Mediocre viewpoints off score during the Language and you can Mathematics was notably ong individuals with lower health top-notch meals in school (P=0·01). New express of pupils taking unhealthy foods at school are somewhat large among 9th graders (59 %; P=0·040), children likely to low-finding universities (61 %; P=0·036), plus among skinny and you can regular-pounds players (69 % and 62 %, respectively; P=0·006).
